Histological and histochemical studies on the alimentary canal of spur-winged lapwing vanellus spinosus

Aim of the work: The present study aims to describe and compare between the different parts of the alimentary canal of Spur-winged lapwing Vanellus spinosus from the histological and histochemical reviews

Materials and methods: This animal was caught from its natural habitat [Nile Delta in Egypt]; dissected and the alimentary canal was fixed in the suitable fixatives for histological and histochemical investigations

Results: Histological findings revealed that the alimentary canal wall in different parts under investigation is consisted of four main layers which are; serosa, muscularis, submucosa and mucosa. The serosa is composed of simple squamous epithelium. The muscularis is formed of outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle fibers. The submucosa is showing green colour with Masson's stain due to its content of connective tissue. The mucosal folds of oesophagus are characterized by stratified squamous epithelium. At the base of these folds, oesophageal glands which secrete acid mucopolysacchride are located. The stomach composed of two parts; cardiac [glandular] and pyloric [muscular]. The gastric glands of glanular portion are differentiated into deep and superficial gastric glands. The deep gastric glands are of compound-branched alveolar and have neutral mucopolysacchride secrections. While, the superficial gastric glands are of compound tubular type and secreting acid and neutral mucopolysacchride since they give blue and red colours with Alcian PAS stain. The gastric glands in muscular portion of stomach, are compound tubular type and have acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides. The mucosal villi of duodenum and ileum are characterized by tubular glands [crypts of Leiberkhun], which contain acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides. The mucosal layer of rectum is covered by simple columnar epithelium containing goblet cells in addition to the rectal glands. This layer nature is acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides. The histochemical results showed differences in the stainability and distribution of polysaccharides, acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides in different parts of alimentary canal of investigated animal

Comparative microscopic study on the tongue, oesophagus and stomach of two different birds in Egypt

Aim of the work: The present investigation aims to compare between the tongue, oesophagus and stomach of two birds in Egypt having different food habits

Materials and methods: The animals under investigation are Whimbrel [Numenius phaeopus] and domestic duck [Anas platyrhnchos]. These birds were caught from Abou-Rawash Constituency and Nile Delta in Egypt. The birds were dissected the tongue, oesophagus and stomach were fixed and stained for the microscopic comparative study

Results: Histological results of this study found that the tongue of each bird [Whimbrel and domestic duck] is composed of three layers; mucosa, submucosa and muscularis. No lingual papillae are observed. The mucosal layer consists of stratified squamous epithelium. This layer in Numenius phaeopus is thicker than in Anas platyrhnchos. The submucosa is constructed from connective tissue. The muscularis is represented by bundles of muscle fibers extending in different directions. The lingual glands of Anas platyrhnchos are of compound alveolar type and have neutral mucopolysacchride content. The muscularis of the oesophagus consists is consisting of outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle fibers. This layer is thick and well represented in Anas platyrhnchos than in Numenius phaeopus. The mucosal folds have stratified squamous epithelial cells. Oesophageal tubulo alveolar glands have acid mucopolysacchride content in Numenius phaeopus and neutral mucopolysacchride content in Anas platyrhnchos. The stomach in each bird [Whimbrel and domestic duck] is differentiated into glandular and muscular portions. The gastric glands of the glandular portion are differentiated into deep and superficial gastric glands. The muscularis of the muscular portion in the investigated birds is composed of circular and longitudinal muscle fibers. This layer in Anas platyrhnchos is thicker than in Numenius phaeopus. The mucosal layer in Anas platyrhnchos has thick tough keratin-like layer [cutica gastrica]. The mucosal glands in the investigated birds have acid and neutral mucopolysacchride content. The histological and histochemical results showed differences in the tongue, oesophagus and stomach between the investigated birds

Diagnosis of echinococcosis [hydatidosis] using dot-ELISA

Background: Cystic echinococcosis [CE] is a complex, chronic and neglected disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The effects of this neglection have a powerful impact in remote rural areas whose population has no chances of being diagnosed and treated correctly without leaving their works and travelling long distances, sometimes taking days to reach the closest medical center. The present study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of purified polyclonal antibody [PAbs] raised against Echinococcus granulosus 50 and 31 kD proteins for detection of circulating hydatid antigen using dot ELISA

Materials and methods: The previous proteins from sheep and camel lungs was purified by ammonium sulfate and caprylic acid. The purified protein injected in Newzealand rabbits to raise specific polyclonal antibodies [pAb] against E. granulosus. Detection of 50 and 31 kD proteins in serum by dot-ELISA gave a sensitivity of 92.9%, a specificity of 95%

Conclusion: Dot-ELISA techniques emerge to be adequately sensitive assays for the diagnosis of human echinococcosis using cathepsin B antigen

Aminophylline LD50 measurement at male mouse

Aminophylline is a bronchodilator used in the management of the reversible airway obstruction due to asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. The incidence of toxicosis due to the treatment by Aminophylline has a remarkable frequency, and a great importance especially in elderly patients, so that the study has carried out to determine the lethal dose of 50% [LD 50%] of mice after inject them in the peritoneum by increasing doses of Aminophylline. The study has been shown that Aminophylline has an acute toxic effect which appears during the first hour